Az algoritmikus határigazgatás dilemmája az ETIAS késlekedése mint óvatosság, intézményi korlát vagy rendszerszintű kudarc előjele

Absztrakt

The European Union is undergoing a digital transformation of public administration, aiming to reduce administrative burdens and improve the efficiency of services. A key achievement of this process is the European Travel Authorisation and Information System (ETIAS), designed to pre-screen visa-free third-country nationals for potential security, migration, and public health risks before they enter the EU. The system is built on a centralised digital infrastructure, with national authorities participating mainly in exceptional cases where automated checks flag potential risks. The ETIAS represents a shift from the traditional administrative model, where individual cases were handled primarily by national authorities. By integrating automated decision-making and algorithmic assessments, the system increases efficiency while introducing new challenges related to accountability, transparency, and access to legal remedies. National ETIAS units retain a key role, reviewing cases flagged by the system to determine whether the applicant poses a risk to public safety, migration control, or health.

This digital integration is part of a broader trend in the EU towards using technology to strengthen border management and security. It also redefines the balance of administrative powers between national authorities and EU-level institutions, creating a hybrid model that combines human oversight with automated processes.

Overall, the ETIAS is not only a technological innovation but also a landmark example of structural transformation in EU administration. It strengthens pre-entry controls, supports public safety, and signals a shift toward digital infrastructure becoming a central element of governance and decision-making within the European Union.