https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica <p>Az 1921-es indulást követően kezdődött annak az Acta-sorozatnak a megjelentetése, melyet az egyetem különböző karai és intézetei szerkesztettek, s rövidesen hírnevet is szerzett Szegednek. Kiadásuk előmozdítása terén jelentékeny érdemei voltak az egyetem barátai egyesületének. Ez a város kulturális fejlődését sikeres szabadegyetemi előadások rendezésével is előmozdította. A jogi kari Acta mind a mai napig megjelenik, 2010-ben immáron a LXXX. kötet.</p> hu-HU homoki@juris.u-szeged.hu (Prof. Dr. Homoki-Nagy Mária) antalt@juris.u-szeged.hu (Dr. Antal Tamás PhD, habil.) Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 OJS 3.3.0.20 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46678 Attila Badó Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46678 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46686 Balázs Fekete Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46686 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46685 Katalin Cserjés Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46685 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46677 This paper deals with the repute of one of the most prominent statesmen and jurists of the second half of the 19th century – Dezső Szilágyi, who held the post of the Hungarian Minister of Justice between 1889 and 1895. Not only has he attracted attention from time to time in professional literature, but also in contemporary literature. His personality and spirit were extraordinary enough to attract the keen and perceptive attention of such Hungarian novelists and poets as Kálmán Mikszáth, Károly Eötvös, Imre Halász, Endre Ady and Géza Gárdonyi. It is a special selection to commemorate a beautiful mind through the subjective essays of friends and contemporaries who acknowledged his fanatical struggle for law and order in Hungary. Tamás Antal Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46677 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46679 Az amerikai jogi realizmus nem az ismeretelméletből, vagy szemantikából eredő tanok terjesztésére koncentráló jogelméleti irányzat, hanem mindenekelőtt a joggyakorlathoz kapcsolódó konkrét problémák megértésére és megoldására irányuló kísérlet. Az iskola szociológiai alapállású abban az értelemben, hogy hangsúlyozza a jogi normák szociológiai hátterét, a társadalmi tények szerepét a jogértelmezésnél, illetve a jog és a társadalmi élet szükségleteinek meghatározásánál. A jogot – a jogi pragmatizmussal egybecsengően – annak előrejelzéseként fogja fel, hogy a bíróságok adott esetekben valószínűleg hogyan fognak dönteni. A skandináv jogi realizmushoz hasonlóan abban a tekintetben is jogszociológiai megközelítésűnek tekinthető az amerikai realista iskola, hogy az igazságosságot nem a priori elképzelések alapján határozza meg, hanem a jogrendszernek az egymással versengő társadalmi igények kiegyensúlyozására való képessége alapján. A jogi realizmus, a szociológiai megközelítése mellett erősen kötődik a pszichológiához is, és az iskolán belül a szociológiai és pszichológiai megközelítés az iskola két markáns alakjánál világosan elválik. A tanulmány ennek bemutatására vállalkozik. Attila Badó Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46679 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46681 Thanks to the work of Tamás Nagy, a more complete version of the sociography on the Home for the Mentally Ill in Szentgotthárd and on people under treatment in other social services has been published. My study uses this as a basis for discussing the relationship between mental illness and the biopower. Having clarified Foucault's notion of the biopower, some of the characteristics of modern institutions of confinement and mental institutions are examined. Subsequently, drawing on the volume entitled "Reports from the Pit", the inpatient mental health facility as a cruel biopower (disciplinary) institution will be discussed, with parallels to concentration camps and inhuman disciplinary institutions aimed at maintaining “peace and civilised order”. Tamás Barcsi Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46681 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46682 A bírói populizmus nem újkeletű jelenség, azonban tudományos igényű vizsgálata csupán a 2010-es évek közepétől indult meg, nem függetlenül a politikai populizmus látványos terjedésétől, ami közvetlen vagy közvetett úton a bírói magatartást is befolyásolja. Ez a tanulmány fogalmi tisztázást kíván nyújtani, mivel a különböző jogi kultúrákban szocializálódott szerzők eltérő jelentéstartalommal használják a "bírói populizmus" kifejezést, a társadalomtudományi kutatások viszont igénylik azt, hogy világosan körülhatároljuk azokat a bírói magatartásokat, amelyek a populizmus megnyilvánulásai, és elkülönítsük azokat más bírói megnyilvánulásoktól (például egy populista kormányzatnak történő behódolástól, vagy a bírák bíróságon kívüli politikai szerepvállalásától). A tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy a bírói populizmus fő jellemzője egy sajátos "közvetítetlenség": a bíró közvélemény vélt vagy valós nyomásának hatására átlépi a jogi érvelés támasztotta korlátokat. A populista bírói magatartás egyaránt megnyilvánulhat a döntések tartalmában és stílusában. Mátyás Bencze Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46682 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46683 The relationship between law and literature in János Arany's Mistress Agnes. In this paper, an attempt is made to illuminate one aspect of the relationship between law and literature in the ballad Mistress Agnes by János Arany. The focus of my analysis will be placed upon the relationship between law and literature and the 21st century dilemma inherent therein. I will point out that there are aspects of academic legal literature beyond the piecemeal examples and legal precedent where the questions themselves are far more fascinating than the potential answers. A more holistic approach to the relationship between law and literature from the perspective of legal history, history of ideas, or even cultural history, reveals a much broader spectrum of social scientific phenomena, including legal scholarship, far beyond the determination of whether a literary character is guilty or not guilty. The greatest challenge in analysing literary heroes implicated in crime is to keep in mind everyone's right to a fair trial, especially the presumption of innocence until proven guilty, since the character is already known through some analysis, and the conviction is often synonymous with the character itself. There is no place for metaphors in the field of criminal law scholarship, and the nature of the discipline is such that it cannot be any different. But let us give Mistress Agnes a fair trial and presume her innocence until her guilt has been proven. Mónika Bittner Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46683 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46684 The author expresses his concerns about the theory of “Law and Literature” in five points (but only from the perspective of jurisprudence). On the basis of these concerns, he proposes a different approach from the one taken in the prevailing doctrinal trends. The literary aspects of legal writings, legal texts and legal documents should be treated uniformly as 'literature in law’. Two important distinctions are essential. The first is that the four spheres of law should be discussed in isolation; these are: (i) legislation; (ii) the application of law (with a focus on judicial practice); (iii) jurisprudence; and (iv) legal education. The second is to identify the substantive impact that literature can have on law. The author distinguishes four such relationships: (i) literature is the subject matter of law (legal texts); (ii) literature provides examples of legal problems; (iii) literature is the source of the content of a legal text; (iv) literature provides a model or analogy for solving a legal problem. The author seeks to explore the impact of literature on law along the lines of the connections thus distinguished. László Blutman Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46684 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46689 Consumption of news, access to coverage of everyday events and mass media have been fundamentally changed in the age of the Internet. Various news aggregator and aggregation services, as well as social media sites, have become indispensable in gathering and making news produced by media publishers available to members of the public. For end users, this means convenience, as they can access news through their favourite websites. However, news aggregator services face a setback in terms of objective mass information. End-users are exposed to information bubbles based on their search and content consumption history, which distort the structure of public opinion. Platforms have therefore developed a dominant role in the news media. This paper aims to explore this role, complemented by the question of whether news can be protected by copyright and, if not, how press publishers’ investment in news can be protected in the platform economy. István Harkai Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46689 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46690 A nyelvtudás létfontosságú szerepet játszik a jogi szakmában. A rossz kommunikáció és a nyelvi akadályok különböző kihívásokhoz vezethetnek a jogi területen. A nem megfelelő nyelvi képességek akadályozhatják a jogi szakemberek és ügyfeleik közötti világos és hatékony kommunikációt, ami félreértésekhez, pontatlan tanácsadáshoz és a jogi ügyekre nézve potenciálisan káros következményekhez vezethet. Emellett a bírósági eljárásokban részt vevő feleknek nehézséget okozhat az összetett jogi kifejezések megértése vagy a több kikötést tartalmazó, hosszú mondatok megfejtése. Ez jelentős kockázatot jelent, különösen az angol nyelvet nem anyanyelvi szinten beszélők számára, mivel olyan nyelvi akadályokkal küzdenek, amelyek akadályozhatják szakmai fejlődésüket és sikerüket. Figyelembe véve a jogi területen a nyelvtudás hiányának lehetséges következményeit, elengedhetetlenül szükségessé válik átfogó kutatást végezni és intézkedéseket végrehajtani az angolul nem beszélő jogi szakemberek nyelvtudásának javítása érdekében. Ezáltal áthidalhatjuk a nyelvi akadályok okozta szakadékot, és biztosíthatjuk az igazságszolgáltatáshoz való egyenlő hozzáférést minden egyén számára, nyelvi háttértől függetlenül. Az angolul nem anyanyelvi szinten beszélők igényeire szabott célzott nyelvi képzési programokkal, műhelymunkákkal és erőforrásokkal képessé tehetjük a jogi szakembereket arra, hogy leküzdjék a nyelvi akadályokat, és szakmai életükben boldoguljanak. Sándor Hettinger Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46690 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46696 In 2023, the United States Supreme Court handed down its long-awaited decision in Andy Warhol Foundation v. Lynn Goldsmith, finding that the licensing of the orange-coloured image of the musician Prince by Andy Warhol, based on Ms Goldsmith's original photograph and printed on the cover of Vanity Fair, which commemorated Prince, did not constitute fair use of that source work. Although the outcome of the case did not entirely surprise copyright aficionados, they were quite taken aback by the wording of the majority opinion. It explicitly narrowed the scope of the transformative test under the first factor of the fair use doctrine. Transformativeness was the key building block of the fair use applicant defence, so the Supreme Court’s decision may have the potential to change artists’ strategies in the short term. This paper summarizes the procedural history and key findings of the decision, questions its future implications, and discusses how the decision may play into the recent challenges to copyright posed by artificial intelligence. Péter Mezei Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46696 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46698 Drawing on the two radical innovations in the country music genre – Beyoncé’s album 2024 and Bob Dylan’s 1965 Newport “electric” concert – I would propose that Tamás Nagy was another such innovator, whose work on Law and Literature broke the mould. This article traces the development of Critical Legal Studies into a multi-level, interdisciplinary approach, noting the temporal relationship between the start of the young Bob Dylan and the emergence of social movements of the 1960s. Indeed, it is revealed that the lyrics by songwriters of the time, such as Dylan, can be useful for Critical Legal Studies, as they contain a sustained critique of American law at the time. Péter Munkácsi Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46698 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46699 In this essay, the emergence of legal education in legal theories is discussed, reflecting on the Law and Literature movement, the movement of Critical Legal Studies. “Crit” scholars, as well as scholars from certain sections of the Law and Literature Movement, argued that law was nothing more than politics in another form. These scholars attempted to show that legal education was close to ideological education, but it should be stressed that when these thinkers considered law as politics, they failed to adequately address legal issues. Nevertheless, the Law and Literature movements can enrich legal education. Indeed, literary works can help students to see the norms more clearly, help them to understand legal texts more deeply, and help them to argue better for their clients. In summary, literature can provide those in the legal process with more wisdom to make greater sense of the world (and the legal world in it). Zsolt Nagy Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46699 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46705 Tamás Nagy, who became a central figure in Hungarian Law and Literature studies, stood his ground. He argued that law as a normative framework cannot exist without the narrative universe contained in stories about law. It is through this universe that individuals can understand, explain or “bring alive” these rules. Our study analyses the relationship between activism and commitment to democracy and the rule of law using narrative life story interview methodology. It is argued that this method can reveal narratives or perceptive understanding of the law. In the pages of this study, (1) a theoretical framework for the issue of non-democratic heritage and democratic attitudes in Hungary is developed. Later (2), the methodological background, the narrative life story interview and the hermeneutic case reconstruction are presented. Finally, (3) a narrative is analysed to show this approach ‘in action’ and to support our argument. Fruzsina Rozina Tóth, Fruzsina Gulya, Valéria Kiss Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46705 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46706 Through an analysis of some works of Transylvanian Hungarian literature, the paper presents the clash of social and power narratives from different fields of Law and Literature research. It tries to demonstrate that they influenced, albeit indirectly, the political system of the time and, indirectly, the legal system. By means of a textual analysis and by presenting the philosophy of the literary works cited, it explores the aspects of the relationship between the individual and (State) power that can be interpreted from the point of view of constitutional law. The paper seeks to prove the thesis that fiction can have a significant impact on constitutional thinking and the constitutional definition of the political system by demonstrating the possible intersections between literary and legal interpretations of reality, fiction and absurdity. Attila Varga Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46706 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200 https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46707 In his short novel “The Collini Case”, German lawyer and writer Ferdinand von Schirach investigates the brutal murder of industrialist Meyer. As it turns out, a young lawyer assigned to Collini’s case, Leinen, had previously been close to the victim. The perpetrator’s obstinate silence and the defence counsel’s personal involvement raise a number of moral and legal questions. How to defend someone who does not want to be defended? Is premeditated murder justifiable? As it turns out, the victim, a former Nazi officer, orders the execution of civilians in an Italian village, including Collini’s father, in retaliation. Was the reprisal permissible or unlawful? Was it fair or disproportionate? If it was lawful, was it time-barred or not? Was it murder or manslaughter? Why did the perpetrator wait more than half a century to take revenge? Did the accused seek reparation under the rule of law? As Leinen’s study seeks to answer these questions, it also describes post-war denazification efforts, while shedding light on one of the most neglected provisions of the justice system, hijacked by the legal elite: the concept known as the “statute of limitations”. The Dreher Act was subsequently enacted, which allows for expiry of the statute of limitations. It is at this point in the novel that the Nazi past of von Schirach’s family is linked to the German Vergangenheitsbewältigung, the controversial way of dealing with the past on a macro and micro levels. Ágnes Zsidai Copyright (c) 2024 Forum. Acta juridica et politica https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/forum-acta-juridica-et-politica/article/view/46707 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200