Current social and economic processes / Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok

Investigation of Bubble Flow Using Optical Measurement Techniques

Ferenc Jozefkó, Péter Bencs — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The transfer of reactants from the gas phase to the liquid phase is fundamental in numerous industrial processes. Various types of mass transfer reactors are used for such operations, including tubular reactors, particularly those with helically coiled tubes. In this study, we model a gas-liquid two-phase flow system using a reactor setup suitable for investigating fundamental flow patterns. The flow behaviour of air bubbles is examined experimentally using an optical measurement technique. The setup of the optical measurement system and the testing of specific configuration parameters were also carried out. For the evaluation of measurement results, a dedicated MATLAB program was employed. The study presents the evaluation settings used and the flow patterns observed based on the experimental results. According to our findings, the developed measurement system is suitable for the reliable investigation of bubble flows.

Gyroscope Calibration Methods

Richárd Pesti, Peter Sarcevic, Dominik Csík , Ákos Odry — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

MEMS-based triaxial gyroscopes are integral components of inertial measurement units (IMUs), playing a critical role in a wide range of modern technological applications, including robotics, navigation systems, aerospace engineering, mobile devices, and entertainment technologies. Accurate operation of gyroscopes is essential to ensure precise position and orientation estimation. However, due to manufacturing imperfections and external environmental influences, gyroscope measurements may deviate over time from the true values, leading to inaccurate data acquisition. The primary goal of gyroscope calibration is to correct these deviations and thereby improve measurement accuracy. Calibration involves the determination of key error parameters such as bias, scale factor, and cross-axis sensitivities between the sensor axes. Calibration can be performed using either static or dynamic methods. Several widely used algorithms for gyroscope calibration include the Kalman filter, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithms (GA), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Accurately calibrated gyroscopes enhance the precision of localization and motion tracking and contribute significantly to the overall reliability of the system. Therefore, calibration is indispensable for the dependable and accurate operation of systems that rely on gyroscopic measurements.

The Next Level of Digitalization, The Role of AI Chatbots and ChatGPT

Tamás Szikszai, Péter Balogh — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

One of the key elements of digital transformation today is the use of artificial intelligence-based chatbots and ChatGPT technology. These tools play a key role in automating business communication processes, improving user experience, and reducing human resource requirements. Through real-time, scalable, and personalised interactions, chatbots increase business efficiency, optimise processes, and deliver significant cost savings. AI-based chatbots continuously refine their responses through learning, becoming increasingly accurate and relevant, thereby boosting companies' competitiveness. They play a crucial role in customer service and sales, where fast response times and real-time information provision offer significant advantages. The study presents the milestones of digital transformation and the impact of the spread of ChatGPT and chatbot technology in various industries.

Digital Transformation and Strategic Partnerships in Higher Education: An Empirical Study of the Communication Practice of the University of Debrecen

Anikó Ilona Kiss, Mihály Soós — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of the study is to explore how communication operates between the University of Debrecen and its corporate and institutional partners, with particular emphasis on preferred communication channels, information needs, and perceptions of the university’s new visual identity. The research seeks to identify which communication practices prove effective in B2B collaborations, how these practices align with trends identified in the international literature, and which developments may contribute to the strengthening of strategic partnerships. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several corporate and institutional partners of the University of Debrecen, and the data were analysed thematically. This approach enabled the identification of recurring patterns, priorities, and gaps in communication channel usage, perceptions of the visual identity, and information needs. The findings were compared with relevant international literature, with particular attention to the digitalisation of B2B communication, higher education branding, and university–industry collaboration models. The partners primarily prefer professional, informative, and rapid communication channels, such as the university website, LinkedIn, and newsletters. In addition, interactivity and personalisation play an important role in shaping communication expectations. The role of social media platforms is secondary, although they remain important from a branding perspective. There is a strong demand for regular updates on ongoing research, collaboration opportunities, and innovation projects. Most respondents evaluated the university’s new visual identity positively, describing it as modern, professional, and consistent. Overall, the results are consistent with previous studies that emphasise the increasingly strategic role of digital channels and the importance of visual identity in higher education B2B relationships.

Sporting Success or Financial Stability? Player Transfer Strategies in Hungarian Football

Réka Szabóné Szőke, Zoltán Bács — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The study examines the main trends, legal framework and club strategies of the global and Hungarian football player market. It presents the significant increase in international transfer fees, the expansion of the Hungarian youth development system and the strengthening role of the Hungarian Football Federation (MLSZ). It then analyses the legal transformation of the concept of a player’s registration rights, the contractual environment of professional footballers, and the fee and compensation processes related to transfers. It points out that spending related to the playing squad represents the highest cost item in club budgets, while on‑field success and financial performance do not necessarily go hand in hand. Hungarian clubs’ player policies can be divided into two main groups: one approach prioritises sporting success and prestige above all else and operates with a high level of risk‑taking; the other is built on financial stability, youth development and signings that involve lower expenditure. The study concludes that the specific institutional and economic environment of the domestic football market strongly limits the room for manoeuvre of clubs. Therefore, the basis of sustainable operation is conscious investment in youth development, knowledge of the legal and regulatory framework, and creating a balance between revenues and expenditures.

Consumer Evaluation of Private Label Product Considering Demographic Factors

Róbert Sándor Szűcs — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Private label products have gained significant importance in the retail sector, making it essential to understand their consumer perception. This study examined how demographic factors - particularly age, gender, education, income, and place of residence - influence attitudes towards private labels. A total of 10,264 respondents completed the online survey, of which 8,588 valid answers were analysed. Quantitative methods included frequency ratios, chi-square tests, Cramer's V association, and decision tree modelling. Findings revealed 87.2% of respondents expressed a positive attitude towards private labels, especially among younger, female, higher-educated, and urban consumers. The decision tree analysis confirmed that age and gender are the most decisive factors. Overall, the results indicate that private labels have become strong competitors of manufacturer brands, requiring differentiated marketing strategies to address consumer groups effectively.

Social and Individual Values Behind the Dynamic Capabilities of the Company

László Csorba — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

New institutional economics, as well as production- and practice-oriented economic trends such as Total Quality Management, place great emphasis on human institutions and thus on values. The study aims to explore the extent to which the values of a firm's stakeholders play an important role in enabling the firm to remain stable even in an extremely volatile environment. On the other hand, it also examines which values support this stability and which, on the contrary, may hinder it. In order to adapt regularly, a company needs dynamic capabilities, which are knowledge-intensive on the one hand and require increased cooperation on the other. Accordingly, companies will be able to develop the dynamic capabilities necessary for adaptation where stakeholder learning and cooperation are supported by human values, in addition to the relevant institutional rules. In terms of shared values, it is necessary to screen potential organizational members more carefully for values that support learning and cooperation. On the other hand, it is necessary to consciously develop these human values in the organizational culture as much as possible.

Presentation of a Research Methodology on Leadership Mental Health

Gerda Szántó, Éva Gergely — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Leadership mental health is a key determinant of the functioning of modern, profit-oriented organizations, as leaders’ psychological well-being has a direct impact on decision-making processes, organizational climate, and employees’ well-being. The aim of the present article is to introduce the methodological framework of a doctoral research project focusing on leadership mental health, with particular emphasis on the complex relationships between personality, leadership competencies, perceived stress, burnout, coping strategies, and well-being. The planned quantitative study involves 100–150 middle and senior managers, using stratified purposive sampling and validated measurement instruments. The statistical analysis plan includes hierarchical regression analyses, mediation and moderation models, as well as structural equation modelling. The quantitative data collection is complemented by 8–12 semi-structured interviews, aiming to achieve a deeper understanding of leaders’ experiences, stress perceptions, and coping patterns. The research is expected to contribute to the conceptual foundation of a multidimensional model of leadership mental health and to identify practical considerations that may support the development of leaders’ well-being and the design of organizational-level preventive interventions.

The Evaluation of Third-Country Workers - Cluster Analysis of Responses of Labour Market Actors

Réka Szabó, Péter Czine, Krisztina Dajnoki — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Over the past few years, the integration of third-country nationals into the Hungarian labour market has assumed growing prominence. Nevertheless, this process is confronted with a range of challenges, as cultural and social disparities can impede effective inclusion and may elicit xenophobic attitudes among certain segments of the population. This study examines societal attitudes towards third-country nationals employed in Hungary through a questionnaire survey and cluster analysis. The findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in levels of xenophobia, with two distinct groups identified: the rejecting and the accepting clusters. Positive attitudes were predominantly observed among women and younger respondents, while negative perceptions were largely shaped by economic insecurities and cultural concerns. The results highlight that the success of labour market integration depends not only on the characteristics of third-country workers but also on the demographic composition and cultural attitudes of the host society. Although the survey is not representative, the study underlines that xenophobic attitudes may undermine both social cohesion and long-term economic stability, whereas educational and awareness-raising initiatives can play a crucial role in fostering more inclusive perspectives.

Recycling Opportunities for Battery Waste Emerging with the Rise of Electromobility

László Ádám Radányi — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Nowadays the biggest challenge in the electromobility is the scrap batteries. There are many possibilities of the recycling. I investigated from these the "second use" recycling process, where the scrap batteries are used as electrical energy storage. In Hungary there were installed weather dependent power plants in a high ratio. This fact gives us good possibilities in the electrical energy storage. In my analyses, I examine the expected degradation of batteries used in future electric vehicles, as well as the relationship between the electric power system load and the extremely cold weather conditions observed in January 2026.

The Future, Challenges, and Solutions of Food Waste Reduction in the Food Industry

Boglárka Szász, József Mihalkó — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of the study is to explore the complex causes of food industry waste generation and to identify the technological, industrial, and consumer-related factors that play a decisive role in reducing waste. The research was based on qualitative and quantitative literature analysis, with particular attention to the effectiveness of industrial innovations, digital waste-measurement systems, and biological treatment technologies such as composting and anaerobic digestion. The results show that monitoring supported by smart devices, corporate process optimization, and influencing consumer behaviour together can significantly reduce the amount of food waste. The analysis also highlights that the utilization of industrial by-products through value-adding technologies creates new opportunities for energy and nutrient recirculation, thereby strengthening the sustainability of circular economic systems. The study concludes that effective food waste reduction requires coordinated cooperation across multiple sectors, as well as a prevention- and recycling-oriented, innovation-based strategic approach.