Magyar államalapítás a IX. században : államszervezési modellek a "De Administrando Imperio" szövegében

Absztrakt

'State' is a term that is also used comprehensively on the history of the Hungarian before the first millennium. The Hungarian historical research has a considerable tradition which recognizes the being of the Hungarian statehood before King Stephen I. This study gives a reinterpretation on the questions of the first Hungarian state-foundation in Etelköz through Emperor Constantine VII's „De Administrando Imperio" (DAI). Chapter 38 of DAI says that the first great Hungarian monarch was Árpád chosen by the Chazars to lead a vassal state. This statement can not stand against the proof of criticism. On one hand the Hungarian monarchy started with Álmos (Árpád's father) according to the Hungarian written sources. On the other hand the Hungarian state was created by inner inchoation, not by external will, therefore it was independent from its beginning. The state-organizing modell of Chapter 38 of DAI is an ahistorical transplantation of the Dalmatian case described in Chapter 29. The criticism is strenghtened by the contemporary Muslim sources revealing the fact that the Hungarian monarch had almost twofold military force compared with the Chazar Kagan. Therefore the Hungarian state-foundation in the IXth century was not inspired by a foreign force and will. On the contrary, the heathen Hungarian state was founded in Etelköz only by inner development and started with the election of great monarch Álmos.