Kelet-Európa nomád népei a Régmúlt Idők Elbeszélésében III. Torkok (oguzok, úzok), polovecek (kumánok, kunok)

Absztrakt

The Russian Primary Chronicle has a few records on the Torks that is Oghuzes. The character of the reports and the valuation of the chroniclers are similar to the passages on the Pechenegs. In generally, the Torks belong to the civilization of the barbarians but around 1100 they do not endanger the Rus’, moreover a part of them was vassal of the Russian princes. The chronicle has plenty of reports on the Polovtsians that is the Cumans. They were current enemies of the Rus’, so the passages and comments on the Polovtsians are the most negative in the chronicle. The authors emphasize the bar-barian “pagan” character of the Polovtsians and include them into the group of the peoples of Antichrist. The reports on the Polovtsian–Rus’ conflicts reflect the typical medieval mentality. The raids of the Polovtsians against the Rus’ are punishments of the God. After the victorious campaigns of Vladimir Monomakh the character of the records became more optimistic.