Vezetői kulcskompetenciák a különböző foglalkoztatási formákban dolgozók sikeres menedzseléséhez

Absztrakt

The aim of this article is to present how managers supervising employees working in different forms of employment (on-site, hybrid, and home office) view the importance of individual managerial competencies and how important they consider them to be in relation to their managerial work. The study is based on the results of a large-scale questionnaire survey conducted in Hungary in February 2025 with the participation of 240 employees in managerial positions. In addition to the most important organizational characteristics, key managerial competencies were also assessed in the primary survey. During the research, three different groups of managers leading different groups of employees were identified: managers supervising employees working entirely from home (spend 80% or more of their working time working from home); managers supervising employees working in a hybrid form (spend less than 80% but at least 20% of their working time working from home); and managers supervising employees working on-site form (spend less than 20% of their working time working from home). The study found that managers of employees working in different forms of employment use different sets of competencies to successfully manage their colleagues. There are numerous findings in the literature suggesting that the success of working from home is primarily influenced by perceived managerial support, but the managerial competencies applicable to employees working from home, in a hybrid form, or in person remain largely unexplored. This study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating 15 managerial competencies in the case of managers supervising employees working in different forms of work organization. The aim of the article is to provide a detailed overview of recent research findings and to evaluate the results of our own survey through them. Data analysis is performed using the SPSS statistical program, and the results are presented in boxplot diagrams. The results are analyzed using descriptive statistical methods with a non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis test). Based on the results, recommendations are formulated for HR professionals, training organizers, and managers.