Lokális Trianon A Csonka-bellyei Uradalom gazdasági változásai (1920-1941)

Absztrakt

The Treaty of Trianon in 1920 resulted that Hungary lost about 70% of its territory. The annexations affected also the Southern Transdanubian region very hard, which was aggravated by the Serbian occupation that lasted 33 months between 1918 and 1921. The Serbs systematically plundered the farms which they found in the region. We analyzed in this study that, following the annexation of 78% of the largest estate in South Transdanubia, the Bellye estate of 109 000 holds owned by Archduke Friedrich von Habsburg before 1918, what kind of possibilities the owner had to continue former modern large-scale farming within the Trianon border, and how he had to reorganize the management of the estate, which had been reduced to 24 000 holds. Our investigation reveals that they borrowed huge loans to renew technical equipment, to buy machinery, improve arable and livestock farming, forestry, game management and fishing. As a result of the reconstruction, by the end of the 1920s, the estate was once again a model farm. However, after the great depression, it became increasingly difficult to repay debts, and the estate was placed under sequestration at the end of 1936. Taking advantage of the new law on entails, 3 000 holds of the estate were sold. In 1941, after regaining Drava Corner, Duke Albrecht could take back his old property, but this was short-lived as by the end of 1944 Soviet troops had occupied the area.